The problem is that we need to create a file system after which we can mount the block device in the required directory.

Error

mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/xvdf,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail or so.

Solution

1. Execute the following command to get the list of all block devices
lsblk --output NAME,TYPE,SIZE,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT,UUID,LABEL

2. Create a directory to mount the block device 
mkdir -p /test/directory

3. Create a file system 
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdf

4. Mount the block device
mount /dev/xvdf /test/directory

5. Unmount the block device (for testing)
umount /dev/xvdf